From Modernism to Postmodernism

Some words comprise of action or movement but the real definition of these words is not conversant. This is the same case with modernism and postmodernism. However, modernism has something to do with drama, music, literature, visual and performing arts while postmodernism are scientific perception away from art.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on From Modernism to Postmodernism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the dawn of 20th century, superb literary critics and writers embarked in modernism literature leading to the century’s modernism. According to literature understandings, modernism is an art of subjectivism and impressionism. Stories created under modernism based their mood in third-person narration. Furthermore, writers wanted a clear distinction between different genres while in poetry poems were just documentaries. Modernism came into limelight when sentiments, logic and power of vision borrowed h eavily from schools of thought like positivism and naturalism. Century writers wrote materials unleashing new life styles. This is because, these writers wanted to bring in new vigor into a new century, because, the former century was marred by copying western cultures and scary activities. The desire to move out of the era of modernism to postmodernism was desirable. On the other hand, postmodernism will comprise of new visions that empower people to think on their own and act by themselves. Unlike modernism, the evolution into postmodernism saw humanity adored and technology advance. The papers will examine how modernism evolved into postmodernism. Of great importance to note is the change in writing, analyzing and thoughts. Instead of positivism and naturalism as schools of thought, modernistic schools portray the true nature of postmodernism. (Madsen Para.1-2). Modernism is of great importance. In fact, without modernism, postmodernism is a dream never come true. From evolution to Christianity to science and technology, modernism played a big role. Therefore, modernity of yesterdays is modernism while today’s modernism is postmodernism. Something that only changes between these two periods is perceptions. Writers, politicians under pressure to restore sanity, sought to think and act so that postmodernism becomes a reality. (Rachel Para. 6-9). The First World War depicted a society full of chaos and disarrays in social norms. Modernist authors like Elliot, Pound and Yeats capitalized this situation to shed light on the dangers of continuing to abhor past tenets. Egalitarian societal norms from western culture and disgusting chaos forced these authors to adopt elitism as a new thinking style. However, elitism evolved to critical thinking in postmodernism. For example, on science matters, literary critics teased readers with strong sentiments that invoke their power of logic and reason. Though modernism seems to be fragmentation of ideas, at least, the re is an art vision. The changed perceptions were leading people and nations towards postmodernism. (Hoffman Para. 1-11).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, there are differences between modernism and postmodernism. Nevertheless, these problems arose due to discarding old dogmas and adopting new and outstanding perceptions. Some authors define a change of modernism to postmodernism as changes that come within capitalistic markets. The dawn of modernism in early 20th century flanked by technological advancements like in the motor industry, aesthetics and literature begun a new thinking approach. Another characterization associated with modernism during this early period of the century was monopolistic capitalism of electric motors. On the other hand, it came a period of postmodernism in consumer capitalism where an art of exchange of commodities and services perfect. The latest advances in electronic consumer goods and nuclear proliferation associate with postmodernism. Thus, the change from modernism to postmodernism fuelled by new ideas into art, aesthetics and science saw an era of postmodernism. (Klages Para. 18-25). From the above analysis, it is evident that, modernism was a view based on art and literature while on the other hand, postmodernism is a view based in the science of manufacturing and consumer capitalism. During the modernism era, crude means took precedent. However, as knowledge increased, sophisticated means came to limelight hence, postmodernism. Postmodernism started after the end of Second World War paving way for new ideas and visualization. In a school of postmodernists, narration is the driver of truth and reflections. Moreover, postmodernists adopt new data and new visions while modernistic values and cultural norms such as fascism disappear. British writers in the postmodern age like Plath, argues that, postmodernism is about conceptual , and far-reaching thinking rather than theoretical explanations. (Klages Para. 30-39). Notably, in modernism, disorder and chaos ruled. These cataclysmic and intriguing events together with western lifestyle, dictated the type of literature authored challenging modernism. Interestingly, on the other hand, postmodernism outpaced these events by rather adopting an ethical and moral ground. Thus, books, poems, and narratives authored during modernism age focused more about ills of that society. Postmodernism writers centre their literary materials on morality, consumer capitalism and new thinking techniques as an achievement. This is because, postmodernism compose of these hard worn values.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on From Modernism to Postmodernism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, modernism and postmodernism are schools of though that differs only in vision and thinking. Though gone, modernism characterized by insanity, portrayed hoe fragment the school of thought it is. On the contrary, postmodernism school of thought comprise of respecting the rule of law, respect of human rights and guarantees freedom of expression. The change of modernism to postmodernism is an evolution of traditional believes and practices to a modern way of thinking. Additionally, these include the latest advancements in manufacturing, capitalism, science and technology. Nevertheless, postmodernism is vision-based and far much better than modernism. Overall, modernism and postmodernism differ because, the later is visionary than the former. Work Cited Hoffman, Louis. Premodernism, Modernism, Postmodernism: An Overview. 2008. Web. Klages, Mary. Postmodernism. 2007. Web. Madsen, Art. The Advent of Modernism and the Drift toward Postmodernism. (n.d). Web. Rachel, Evans. From modernism to postmodernism: evolution vs. accommodation. 2008. Web. This essay on From Modernism to Postmodernism was written and submitted by user Heather Riddle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Grade 11 IPT Term 1 2004 essays

Grade 11 IPT Term 1 2004 essays Artificial Intelligence Minor Project (AI 1) The topic I chose for my system is European flags. I chose this topic because I will try to help people know what European flags are which. In my system there will be a series of questions asked to the user to help classify different flags. Some limitations Ive made are that I have only chosen flags for the most popular and well known countries. To use my system effectively you answer the questions asked to the best of your ability and when you have answered all the questions then you should reach a conclusion. That conclusion will be the name and picture of your flag. I think that my expert system is fairly well done. It helps the user classify the different types of European flags. It also gives a little insight to the country by giving it a brief overview. I believe that my system is extremely helpful to someone trying to find different flag names that are in Europe. If I were to rate my system out of ten, I would rate it 6/10. Some of the weak points in my expert system is that there are so many European flags and I only chose a small quantity of them. This means that there are a lot of flags left out and there is a fair possibility that people want to know those certain flags. Some of the future enhancements are increasing the amount of conclusions in the memory bank. This means increasing the number of flags. I would also if I had plenty of spare time do the world flags and then help other people know all the world flags. ...

What are the dansgers of stereotyping people Essay

What are the dansgers of stereotyping people - Essay Example Stereotyping infers a considerable amount of information about individuals beyond their apparent superficial qualities and generates expectations about their expected behavior in various situations. Stereotypes are frequently based around common aspects of a particular group including profession and occupation, sex, religious beliefs and practices, age, race and ethnicity, dressing, speech and body shape (Macrae, Stangor & Hewstone 8). There are dangers associated with stereotyping such as promoting discrimination and bias because stereotypes lack accuracy, applying stereotypes broadly such that individual characteristics are overlooked, making serious misjudgments about people and distorting the view of a particular group and consequently damaging relationships. One danger of stereotyping is that it takes on universal meaning, being applied to all members of a particular group. If this occurs with lack of accuracy, stereotyping not only becomes damaging, but also affects the way those who are thought to belong to the particular group being stereotyped are talked about and treated. It is apparent that how a group of people is seen influences in part how they are treated. Stereotypes may come to be the accepted way of thinking about members of a particular group, with no acknowledgement of diverse individual characteristics. Stereotyping can result in misunderstandings, which, if not challenged, can severely damage relationships among different groups. An example of this is the race riots and violence of 1980s (Brunsch 9).Stereotyping results in discrimination and persecution of the oppressed groups. For instance, the stereotyping of Asian Americans has led to denial of their civil rights and even homicide such as the killing of Chinese American Vincent Chin by individuals who thought he was a Japanese American (Brunsch 10). Moreover,

United States support for European Integration Term Paper

United States support for European Integration - Term Paper Example While the European integration unfolded during the Cold War, the United States expressed and entered its support for a more united Europe. Much issue was attributed to such support, primarily because of the fact that a united Europe might eventually create a potential diplomatic and strategic rival to the United States. However, others are quick to point out that such support was extended because the United States has always been supportive of European success. Various theories have been suggested explaining the US support for European integration. This paper shall discuss two of these theories, and it will establish how these theories would explain this series of choices, and how the two theories would tend to agree and disagree with one another on this question. This essay would also evaluate how, based on these explanations, and what would be expected for the future of US-EU relations. It shall also consider which explanation and which theory’s predictions would I find more compelling, and why. Body The United States supported the European integration because it believed that a united Europe would be within the purview of the United States and its national security (Ekovich, 2009). They believed that an integrated Europe would further support the region’s democratic goals. ... These two countries have had stormy relations with each other for a long while, further exacerbated during the Second World War. Americans saw European integration as a means of forging renewed relations between these two countries. The Americans also believed that the integration would provide a venue for more American businesses in Europe, thereby also helping to manage decision-making processes (Morgan, 2005). The integration has made negotiations easier, with one individual speaking for several countries in order to establish significant decisions. In effect, separate and multiple negotiations were negated in the long run. American also believed that a stronger European integration and economy was in the best interest of the US and Europe (Morgan, 2005). The integration simplifies business transactions, making Europe a more favorable recipient of American investments. Emotional affinity can be significant in managing views on political actors and objects, especially when other co gnitive standards of reference do not sufficiently apply (Chong, 2000). Possible aversion toward the European integration is not based on cost/benefit evaluations or cognitive mobilization; however it is based on the fear of other cultures (McLaren, 2002, p. 553). The foundation of such approach or decision is even more persuasive due to the fact that the European Union is not just an international regime which is meant to decrease barriers to trade, or decrease the costs of transaction in intergovernmental bargaining. In fact, the EU is shaping up as its own policy-maker, and seems to pose a threat to the national integrity and sovereignty of the region (McLaren, 2002). America does not support such possibility, however it does favor the

The Inundation of North American Coasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Inundation of North American Coasts - Essay Example During coastal inundation, areas nearing the meeting points of creeks and rivers tend to be more susceptible since high seas can lead to the backing up of rivers. Coastal inundation is also accompanied by rising sea levels, which may lead to high intensity storms in the future (Spaulding 588). Several factors can be attributed to be the causes of coastal inundation; one of the main causes of coastal inundation is storm surge. Storm surge details the rise of water abnormally as a result of a storm that may be above the wave conditions that have been predicted. A combination of astronomical tide and storm surge leads to storm tide in the North American Coasts. Storm surge contributes to coastal inundation since it leads to the rise in water level. The rise in the level of water leads to flooding in the coastal areas. A storm surge may emanate from low atmospheric pressure that may emanate from hurricanes (Spaulding 588). Another notable cause of coastal inundation includes large waves that may be experienced in the coastal region. These waves may be caused by local winds or they may emanate from storms that occur from a distance. The waves lead to a rise in the water level, thus causing devastating effects of floods on the land adjacent to the North American Coast. The inundation of the North American Coasts is also caused by wave set-up. This takes place when the average sea level rises, especially in the zone referred as the surf zone. The other cause of coastal inundation includes the flooding of rivers as a result of rain. The flooding of rivers as a result of rain increases the severity of the flood. Seasonal cooling and heating of the oceans can also be referred as another cause of coastal flooding; this is because such variations contribute to high levels of water in the sea (Spaulding 590). Inland floods can also cause coastal inundation; these floods take occur during a fall in the moderate

Bullying in Nursing and Horizontal Violence

Bullying in Nursing and Horizontal Violence Ansamma Joseph Introduction:-3 PART 1:3 1.1 Horizontal violence and bullying in nursing:-.3 SUB – TOPIC:.5 1.2 Disruptive behaviour: -..5 1.2.1 Importance of study of disruptive behaviour:-..6 PART 2:7 2.1 Purpose of the article:-..7 2.2 Arguments and ideas presented by the authors:-.8 2.3 The quality and value of the article:-.8 2.4 Brief reflection of using sources:-9 2.5 Conclusion:-9 References:..10 Introduction:- The topic is based on the most vital issues faced by the health care settings in relation to employee management and relationships. In the field of nursing practice, horizontal violence and bullying in health care organizations is the areas under study in this assignment. In health care centres, the distribution of power may not be appropriate, the prevailing culture and organisational structure may not favour positive employee bonding. Nurses may be subject to violence such as insult, abuse, poor treatment and rude behaviour from the senior staff members, doctors or by management. Generally nurses prefer not to complain against the seniors, and even after complaint they do not get appropriate solution. So the situation is very worse now a day. In context of horizontal violence and bullying, the current study will extensively focus on ‘disruptive behaviour’ towards nurses. PART 1: 1.1 Horizontal violence and bullying in nursing:- Horizontal violence is the violence made by same level of employees’ arguing. In a health care organisation when a nurse abused physically, verbally or emotionally by the senior nurses, it is called horizontal violence. There are several reasons of creating horizontal violence in health care setting those are sabotage, verbal affront, withholding information, infighting, backstabbing, and failure to respect privacy, non-verbal innuendo, undermining activities and broken confidence (Bartholomew, 2006). Reason of Horizontal Violence Sabotage Verbal Affront Infighting Non Verbal Innuendo Undermining Activities Back Stabbing Withholding Information Failure to Respect Privacy Broken Confidence Figure 1:- Reasons for horizontal violence (Bartholomew, 2006 p-86) Bullying in nursing is occur when the senior nurses or senior doctors misuse their power and does insulting behaviour to nurses. In present time bullying is going on continuously and systematically. The nursing supervisor and senior doctors are bullying by offensive abusive, intimidating to the staff nurses. As the nurses don’t have more power so, they can’t say anything to their seniors. Now a day the nurses complain against the horizontal violence and bulling. According to statistics 48% nurse complain for verbal abuses whereas 43% complain about threaten (www.aorn.org/PracticeResources). Horizontal violence and bullying badly affect the staff nurses because through horizontal violence and bullying the nurses exhausted mentally and physically and feel threaten, humiliate, upset and this situation break the nurses’ self confidence. Gradually the nurses feel sick by tolerating these types of behaviour. According to the Longo (2007) because of anger, depression, work pressure, insomnia, increasing stress, anxiety, and loneliness are responsible for this bullying. Not only for the senior staff, due to organisational structure and culture may nurses feel stress. Inadequate training, less salary, toxic environment also makes the nurses in trouble. In the course of horizontal violence and bullying the work place or the health care setting is also badly affect as the nurses are very upset so they can’t provide good services. The service quality is decreasing due to over time and bad work environment. The stressful nurses are showing their angry on the patients and the patients may dissatisfy with their behaviour. SUB – TOPIC: 1.2 Disruptive behaviour: Disruptive behaviour is mostly unemotional behaviour done by an individual or a group to other person. In a health care organisation when the senior nurses rudely and roughly behave with staff nurses then it is also called disruptive behaviour. These types of behaviour have badly impact on the performance of the staff nurses. As the nurses belong from health care organisation so they should maintain the culture of safety, but because of disruptive behaviour the nurses cannot maintain the culture of safety. In an organisation all the members maintain a good communication by which the staff can provide best services, but as the nurses are stressed so they are not able to serve good care. According to Hughes (2009), this disorderly behaviour involves in verbal communication so the nurses are easily made harsh. Most of the nurses lost their interest in work, increase the rate of absenteeism and also don’t want to sustain in the organisation. Element of Disruptive behaviour Misbehaviour by Physician Supervising Nurse Patients and their Family Figure 2: Element of disruptive behaviour (Hughes, 2009, p-35) 1.2.1 Importance of study of disruptive behavior:- It is important to study the disruptive behaviour and also must recognize the reason behind disruptiveness. Only the study can give the solution of this problem. Nurses are most important factor in a health care setting, because they provide the services mean they take care the patients. If the nurses are not mentally and physically stable so they can provide proper services to the patients. In the course of study of disruptive behaviour the organisation may know the reason behind the disruptive behaviour and they can take effective decision to avoid this (www.aacn.nche.edu/Media/FactSheets/NursingShortage.htm). According to Hutchinson (2010) in a health care organisation if the organisational management identify the appropriate reason of disruptiveness and give the proper solution, then the patients get proper take care from the nurses and it also possible to decrease the redundant rate of nurses from the organisation. The staff nurses get facilities because of good work environment and they will able to maintain the culture of safety. Effect of Disruptive Behaviour Affected entire Organization Absenteeism and Redundant of Nurses Patients affected due poor Services Figure 3: Effect of disruptive behaviour (Hutchinson, 2010, p-180) PART 2: 2.1 Purpose of the article:- In contemporary scenario horizontal violence and bullying is creating worse situation not only in health care organisation, in every organisation. Due to horizontal violence and bullying the employees are behaving badly and humiliate to same level employees or lower level employees. This situation is creation a worse work culture in the organisation. As the nurses are belonging from health care organisation so by lateral violence and bulling patients are more affected. The nurses get upset with continuous humiliation (Knopper, 2009). They can’t serve in proper way. This situation is badly affecting the reputation of the organisation. The researcher had chosen this article because recognizing its importance. In everyday life every person needs the health care organisation and if the employees of health care organisation is not provide proper services then the patient will badly affected. Apart from that this problem is now shown in most of the health care organisation. So the organisational management has to take decision very fast to avoid this bad behaviour by which they create a good and flexible work environment for the nurses and the nurses provide proper services. The organisational management incorporates the reason from the study, so this study is most important. 2.2 Arguments and ideas presented by the authors:- In contemporary situation as the lateral violence and bullying is sensitive issue so several authors had researched on this topic to identify the actual reason. According to Stowkowski (2008) organisational staffs are the main reason of violence and bulling, because several nurses have poor moral and value in their personal life and the nurses are used those values in professional place so they badly behave with their staffs. Whereas Simmons (2008) argued that all senior nurses are not bad in nature. Excess work pressure and stress make the nurses annoyed and anxiety and for that reason when they will communicate with their staffs it is affected. Insomnia is one of the big reasons of making anxiety of disruptive behaviour. Randle (2007) opined that the physician, the patient and the family of the patients are also responsible of lateral violence and bullying. Most of the cases the physician abuse to the supervising nurse and they show their anger to staff nurses. Apart from that the patients and their family also misbehave with the nurses and most of the nurses can’t express in front of them. In this situation they feel humiliation and increase absenteeism and redundant. According to Knopper (2009) the physician does miscommunication with the nurses when they go to them for clarify medication prescription. On the other hand according to Hughes, (2009) the organisation is also responsible for bullying and lateral violence. The organisation paid less salary, demand over time job from the nurses due to less employee recruitment. For those reason the nurses also feel anxiety and result is horizontal violence and bullying, where the author Bartholomew (2006) also add the backstabbing, verbal affront, infighting between the employees, and personal problem also the reason of horizontal violence and bulling. 2.3 The quality and value of the article:- The overall data used in the topic is up to date and not vague. The information is not manipulated. As this is used for academic purpose not for commercial purpose the researcher used all up to date sources. To make a good and valuable assignment the researchers used secondary data collection method and collect effective information from those data. These information help to the researcher to understand the topic and the reason related to the topic. 2.4 Brief reflection of using sources:- During the time of researching the researcher had faced several problems. Most of the nurses can reveal their problem to other as they have chance to cut out of job from the organisation. The nurses also don’t want to complain against senior nurses and physician. From the research the researcher also gain lots of social issues. The powerful person always gets more facilities comparing to lower level staff. In a health organisation most important factor is strong work environment and maintaining culture of safety. 2.5 Conclusion:- From the above topic it is conclude that horizontal violence and bulling in nursing is a big issue that makes a critical situation in health care organisation. The physician, patient and their family, supervising nurses are behave very bad and humiliate to the staff nurses most of the time. This is the reason the nurses get upset and also feel annoyed and anxiety and gradually it increase the rate of absenteeism and redundant. Reference:- American Association of Colleges of Nurses (2007, October), Nursing Shortage, Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/Media/FactSheets/NursingShortage.htm. AORN, (2006), Creating a Patient Safety Culture. Retrieved January 7, 2008, from http://www.aorn.org/PracticeResources/AORNPositionStatements/Position_Creating a Patient Safety Culture. Bartholomew, K. (2006). Ending nurse-to nurse hostility, Marblehead, MA 01945: HCPRO, Inc. Hughes, N. (2009). Bullies in health care beware. American Nurse Today. 3(6), 35. Hutchinson,M., Wilkes, L.,Jackson,D., Vickers, M. (2010), â€Å"Integrating individual, work group and organizational factors: Testing a multidimensional model of bullying in the nursing workplace†. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(2), 173-181. Knopper, M. (2009), Putting a stop to medical road rage. Clinician Reviews, 19(1), 8. Longo, J., Sherman, R. O. (2007), levelling horizontal violence, Nursing Management, 38(3), 34- 37, 50, 51. Randle, J., Stevenson,K., Grayling L. (2007), Reducing workplace bullying inhealthcare organizations. Nursing Standard, 21(22), 49-56. Stowkowski,L.(2008), A callto endbullying in theworkplace, Advancesin Neonatal Care, 8(5), 252-253. Simmons,S.(2008) Workplace bullying experiencedby Massachusetts registered nurses and the relationship to intention to leave the organization, Advances in Nursing Science 31(2), E48 E59. 1

Good Will Hunting Essays -- Film Analysis, Good Will Hunting

A studious young man, an open book these two images swirl around the screen in a kaleidoscope effect, this was the introductory scene of "Good Will Hunting." This scene is followed by Ben Afflick, knocking on Will's door, when Will comes out a credit rolls by that says, "screenplay written by Ben Afflick and Matt Damon," just as the two walk side by side. This shows how perfectly the makers of this movie have everything timed, down to the credits. Also, the timing shows when the professor's assistant and Will are alone and the assistant tells Will how lucky he is to have someone believe in him as the professor does. Just as he finishes saying this the professor walks in and suddenly the assistant has something better to do than just sit there so he gets up and leaves. The cinematography in this movie is good, as right of way the viewer of this movie knows Will lives in one of the poorer sections of Boston, as his front yard is cluttered with junk and the look of t he neighborhood surrounding his house is anything but colorful. The neighborhood looks gray and drab. Also, one of the many settings is a local bar which has the look of a neighborhood bar with Christmas type lights strung and normal looking people filling the place. Another setting is a Harvard classroom and a community college classroom. In the Harvard classroom the students appear to be attentive, clean cut, well dressed, and enthusiastic, while the students in the community classroom are bar...